The Nobel Prize in Physics for the founders of learning artificial intelligence

Physical The Nobel Prize will be awarded in 2024 by researchers of learning artificial intelligence John Hopfield and Geoffrey Hinton.

They developed computational and statistical methods with which learning artificial intelligence has been applied to everyday use. From such a huge amount of data, they were able to extract, for example, patterns and figures.

Computational methods, including machine learning, have long been an important part of physics research.

“Even though it is a Nobel Prize in physics, it is based specifically on research into artificial intelligence and especially machine learning,” says the computer science professor and artificial intelligence researcher Hannu Toivonen from the University of Helsinki.

“The methods developed by Hopfield and Hinton are inspired by physics, but they can be – and are – applied on a huge scale. I think that the award is actually dedicated to machine learning research.”

“It says a lot about the importance of the field that the Nobel Prize in Physics is awarded for work within computer science and to computer science researcher Geoffrey Hinton. A great but well-deserved achievement!”

Stateside. Geoffrey Hinton was born in 1947 in London. He is a professor at the University of Toronto in Canada. Physicist John Hopfield was born in 1933 in Chicago, and he is a professor at Princeton University.

With the Nobel the awardees have already done important work with artificial neural networks since the 1980s.

Today’s machine learning is powerful. Learning neural networks have been brought into everyday use. People already talk about machine learning and artificial intelligence on a daily basis.

Machine learning is usually based on artificial neural networks. It is currently revolutionizing science, technology and everyday life.

John Hopfield created the associative memory model. It can be used to build and restore different patterns. Geoffrey Hinton, on the other hand, invented a method that allows you to independently find different properties in data.

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Hinton’s work helped launch the current explosion in machine learning.

The method can be used to perform various tasks, such as identifying certain parts of images.

When we talk about artificial intelligence, we often mean machine learning using artificial neural networks, says the release of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.

This technique was originally inspired by the structure of the brain.

In an artificial neural network, neurons in the brain are represented by nodes with different values.

These nodes influence each other through connections. The phenomenon can be compared to synapses in the brain, i.e. nerve connections. In artificial intelligence, they can be strengthened or weakened.

The learning artificial intelligence network is trained, for example, in such a way that stronger connections are developed between the nodes. At the same time, they are given high values.

Physicist Hopfield invented a network with which patterns and figures can be stored and recreated.

We can imagine the nodes of an artificial intelligence network as pixels. The Hopfield network is trained in such a way that values ​​for the connections between the nodes are sought so that the stored images have little energy.

When a distorted or incomplete image is then fed into the Hopfield network, it goes through the nodes systematically.

The artificial intelligence tries to find the stored image that most closely resembles the imperfect one that was fed to it.

Another Nobel laureate, Hinton, uses a different method in machine learning, the so-called Boltzmann machine.

It can be used to classify images. It can be used to create completely new examples of the pattern types that the machine has been trained for.

Hinton’s work helped launch the current explosion in machine learning.

On Wednesday In Stockholm, it will be announced who or who will receive the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. The Nobel Peace Prize will be announced on Friday in Oslo.

The value of the physics prize this year is 11 million Swedish kronor, or just under 970,000 euros. The winners share it.