The complete brain map of the banana fly helps the study of human brain disorders

Banana fly is a household kitchen annoyance that everyone is familiar with. For researchers, the fly has offered a way to study the inner workings of one animal’s nervous system.

One endpoint has now been reached. The brain of the banana fly has been mapped down to every cell and connection.

The work is quite certainly helpful to the person. About 60 percent of the banana fly’s genes are the same as humans.

The aging of a banana fly, for example, resembles the aging of a human. Flies also get drunk. Another pleasure substance, coffee, also keeps the little fly awake.

Much more can fit in a brain that is smaller than the head of a pin.

The brain researchers say that they have now, as a team, located every fly’s brain cell. There are almost 140,000 neurons in the brain.

More than 54 million connections to other brain cells emanate from these cells. Together they form the brain’s intricate neural network, connector.

More than 8,400 different cell types were found in the brain. Many of them are completely new to researchers, he says science journal Science’s news.

Map is the first brain mapping of an adult animal. The work has been described as one of the breakthroughs in brain research.

“What are brain connections? How do signals flow in the brain in such a way that we can recognize faces, hear other people’s voices, and even turn words into electrical signals?”

That’s what you asked Interviewed by the BBC a brain scientist Gregory Jefferis From the UK Medical Research Council Molecular Biology Laboratory, Cambridge, England.

“The brain of a fly helps us get an idea of ​​how our own brain works.”

Humans have a million times more brain cells and nerve cells than a banana fly.

The study was carried out by a large international network of researchers Flywire Consortium. He presented the brain map science journal Nature.

From mapping the published pictures are beautiful, but they also reveal the immense intricacy of the brain map.

The structure of the map is key when researchers figure out how an organ as small as a fly’s brain can perform so well.

For example, man has not yet been able to make a single small computer that works as cleverly as the brain of a banana fly.

“Now we can compare healthy and diseased brains when something goes wrong,” says one of the leaders of the survey, Dr. Mala Murthy from Princeton University, USA.

RESEARCHERS have previously mapped the brains of smaller organisms, such as a simple worm. There were only about 300 cells to map then. The work was completed in March 2023.

“A complete map of 140,000 brain cells is an amazing achievement,” said the doctor to the BBC Lucia Prieto Godino. He is head of the brain research team at the Francis Crick Institute in London and was not involved in the fly mapping.

He says the map paves the way for larger mappings, next perhaps a map of the mouse brain, and eventually a complete map of our own brains.

BRAIN CELLS the connections were found when the fly’s brain was sliced ​​into slices with microscopic blades.

Each of the 7,000 slices was imaged under a high-precision microscope. The images were then encoded into digital format.

The researchers also used artificial intelligence to help. With its help, the shapes and connections of all neurons could be distinguished from each other.

Map on available to all researchers. Researchers believe that with the help of the map, neuroscience will prove many new discoveries in the next few years.

Brain researchers estimate that a similar accurate map of the human brain could be completed in perhaps 30 years.