Chinese scientists have successfully developed centrifugal microcental system, capable of early detection of cancer thanks to the ability to isolate Exosome from blood samples.
Exosome is also known as extracellular bags (secreted by cancer cells). Scientists at the key laboratory of Moe’s biomedical light, the National Wuhan National Electronic Electronic Laboratory, successfully developed the system to help automate the Exosome isolation process from 400 μl blood samples within 45 minutes. Research is published in the magazine ASC Nano of American American Chemistry AssociationFebruary 27. This is a system of centrifugal micro -centrifugal system completely integrated, equipped with two nano filters, also known as IexODISC.
This system integrates plasma separating modules, eliminates high concentrations of protein, and isolated Exosome based on Nano filter to obtain an exosome with a purity of up to 6 times higher than the traditional centrifugal method and polymer precipitate. Therefore, IexODISC provides a potential method for early detection of cancer, liquid biopsy and diagnosis at the care spot (Point-of-Care, POC).
Medical staff at Military Hospital 175, Go Vap District tested, March 2024. Image: Quynh Tran
Exosome Liquid Biopsy technology (Exosome -based biopsy) begins to thrive in the early 2010s. Exosome is known as extracellular bags that play the role of communication between cells. A number of first -handed studies have proposed the possibility of using exosomes in medicine. The studies then began to identify the exosome containing RNA, DNA, specific protein of the tumor, which can be used to detect cancer early through liquid biopsy.
Exosome Liquid Biopsy technology is increasingly developed and optimally becomes a progressive cancer diagnosis thanks to the ability to detect biological marks in body fluids. This technology allows early detection of lung, breast, prostate, pancreatic, and brain cancer. Some companies such as Exosome Diagnostics (USA), Bio-Techne, and Guardant Health have launched clinical diagnostic kits based on Exosome.
Currently, this technology is increasingly improving thanks to the advances in RNA sequence, Exosome analysis technology, and AI to detect cancer biological marks more accurately.
Exosom detection methods in cancer diagnosis, first Elisa, have been applied to detect Exosome containing biological marks. Exosome contains CD91 and CD9 to help detect early stage lung cancer with higher sensitivity than CEA.
Exosome contains Del-1 and CD9 that distinguishes breast cancer from benign tumors from AUC = 0.95. The next method is the Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) using gold nanoparticles in combination with antibodies to detect Exosom. Exosome contains EPHA2, CD81 and CD9 to help distinguish pancreatitis and early pancreatic cancer.
The exoScreen method in the other is to detect an exosome based on fluorescent from the marked antibodies. Exosome contains CD147 and CD9 to help detect stage colon cancer early, monitor after surgery.
The potential of the Exosome Liquid Biopsy is to detect stage cancer early, while helping to monitor the effectiveness of treatment. Monitoring cancer progression without invasive biopsy, as well as the ability to apply in many different types of cancer. However, the biggest difficulty is that the extraction methods have not been optimized, and the usual exosome distinction and cancer Exosom in body fluid. A significant challenge is to ensure low price and large -scale deployment.
Although there are still technical and cost challenges, but with the current development momentum, the Exosome Liquid Biopsy is likely to become a key method in future diagnosis and monitoring of cancer.
According to scientists, cancer does not mean that it will definitely die, because of the advancement of treatment technology, the survival rate is also increasingly improved. Although the advances in treatment help improve the survival rate, early detection of cancer is equally important. Depending on the type of cancer, the survival rate after 5 years has a big difference. For example, with colon cancer, if detected at stage I, the survival rate after 5 years exceeds 90%, but if detected at stage IV, this rate is reduced below 20%. This shows that early detection and timely treatment plays an important role in prolonging life for patients.
Globally, the liquid biopsy based on Exosome has been widely studied and applied. In the US, the Exodx Prostate test has been developed to assess the risk of prostate cancer through RNA analysis in Exosom from urine samples, helping more than 50,000 patients make biopsy decisions and are included in the guidelines of the national comprehensive cancer network (NCCN).
In Japan, research on Exosome is also progressing strongly. Japanese scientists have focused on developing new diagnostic methods using exosomes in body fluids, with the expectation of application in regenerative medicine and cancer diagnosis.
Currently, in Vietnam, Exosome -based liquid biological technology has not been widely applied in medical diagnosis and treatment. Exosome is mainly licensed and used in cosmetics and dermatology, with the purpose of rejuvenation and skin regeneration.
Prof. Tran Dang Xuan, a Vietnamese scientist working at Hiroshima University, Japan, who has had many years of research on natural compounds inhibiting cancer, evaluating liquid equipment technology requires modern analytical devices and standard laboratories. Vietnam needs to develop infrastructure and medical equipment, train professional human resources to apply this technology.