Atherosclerosis is a degenerative process of the arteries that begins at a young age and progresses throughout life, causing gradual narrowing of the arteries.
Arteries are blood vessels that carry blood from the heart throughout the body, lined with a thin layer of cells called endothelium, which allows blood to flow easily through the arteries. When the endothelial layer is damaged by agents such as tobacco, bad cholesterol, etc., it creates conditions for plaque to accumulate on the artery walls. Over time, plaque hardens, narrows the artery, and impedes blood flow. These atherosclerotic plaques rupture to form blood clots, blocking blood flow that carries oxygen to other organs of the body.
Complications of atherosclerosis depend on which of your arteries is narrowed or blocked. If the disease is not treated properly, there is a risk of early complications below.
Coronary artery disease: Coronary arteries supply blood to the heart. When atherosclerotic, it causes coronary artery disease or angina. If the vessel is completely clogged, it can cause a heart attack.
Carotid artery disease: The carotid artery is the artery that feeds brain cells. When the carotid artery is severely narrowed, brain cells die, the patient experiences dizziness and weakness in the limbs. This is a manifestation of transient ischemic attack (TIA). In case of carotid artery blockage, the patient falls into a coma or has a stroke with symptoms of paralysis of the arms, legs, and half of the body.
Peripheral artery disease: These arteries supply blood to the arms, legs, and pelvis. If they become narrowed or blocked, it leads to peripheral artery disease, muscle pain due to cramps when walking or exercising. In severe cases, it can cause tissue death and necrosis. Peripheral artery disease also increases the risk of stroke and heart attack.
Arterial aneurysm: Atherosclerosis has the potential to cause an aneurysm (a weakened area of the artery wall that bulges). If an aneurysm ruptures, it will cause life-threatening bleeding inside the body.
Chronic kidney disease: The two kidneys are supplied with blood through the renal artery. When blood supply is limited, chronic kidney disease develops. Some common symptoms of kidney failure are loss of appetite, difficulty concentrating, swollen hands and feet.
Doctor My Hanh advises patients on diet and lifestyle to slow down the process of atherosclerosis. Illustration photo: Tam Anh Hospital
Atherosclerosis is a natural process that occurs silently. It cannot be prevented but can only reduce the rate of atherosclerotic plaque formation by controlling risk factors. You should maintain an ideal weight (BMI under 23), increase heart-healthy foods, quit smoking, exercise regularly, limit stress, don’t stay up late, and control blood pressure and blood sugar well. , blood fat.
You have mild atherosclerosis, which can be controlled and slowed down. You should see a doctor for advice on appropriate treatment methods. People with severe atherosclerosis can be treated with medication or angioplasty, stent placement, endarterectomy, or artery bypass surgery to slow down disease progression and prevent complications.