The world’s earliest human genome was read – this is what a woman who lived in the Czech Republic might have looked like

He had already interbred with Neanderthals. They still had the dark skin, dark hair and brown eyes of Africans. They were related.

They lived 45,000 years ago in what is now the Czech Republic and Germany.

All this was told about the seven early European settlers by their DNA. It is the oldest human genome that scientists have managed to read.

The results of the research group of the Max Planck Institute were published on Thursday In the journal Nature.

Genetic material was preserved in bone fragments found in Ranis, Germany, and in a skull found in 1950 in a cave in Zlatý kůň, Czech Republic.

Research revealed that Ranis’ bones belonged to six individuals. Two were small children. Three were male and three were female. There was a mother and little daughter as well as other relatives.

Zlatý kůň’s skull belonged to a woman.

Surprisingly, he was related to two of Ranis’s people, even though the distance was over 200 kilometers.

“They could even know each other,” a member of the research team, a geneticist John Krause sanoo The New York Times -in leaf.

Modern man Homo sapiens came from Africa to Europe about 50,000 years ago and for a while lived side by side with Neanderthals who arrived much earlier.

The Neanderthals disappeared completely, but as a legacy of coexistence, the world’s current humans have 2-3 percent of Neanderthal DNA in all other continents except Africa.

The seven people studied now belonged to a small population group, which was only a few hundred people from one generation to the next.

They moved widely from place to place, perhaps following mammoths and deer, Krause says For Science magazine.

The group left no traces for people living today to inherit. It was genetically separated from the group whose descendants, for example, are present-day Europeans.

Neanderthal-genes, the group had previously received together from the same mixing phase, where the Neanderthals left their distinctive genetic inheritance to the present humans.

According to the study, the interbreeding took place 45,000–49,000 years ago, so clearly later has been assumed.

Another one published in Science magazine the same week research came to a similar result. According to it, interbreeding took place for a maximum of seven thousand years between 43,000 and 50,000 years ago.

According to Krause, the timing means that the people who migrated to settle China and Australia much earlier have disappeared from the world without passing on their inheritance to the current human generations.