The longest year in history

The year 46 BC lasted 445 days, 80 days longer than a normal year.

A year is the time it takes the Earth to complete one orbit around the Sun and return to the landmark to start the new year. Before Julius Caesar introduced the Julian calendar, the Roman year was very different from today’s calendar, consisting of only 4 months with 31 days (March, July, October and May). Other months are shorter, with only 29 days, especially February has 28 days. As a result, this type of calendar quickly did not match the Earth’s rotation around the Sun, according to IFL Science.

Around 200 BC, the calendar was so skewed that a near-total solar eclipse on March 14 was now recorded on July 11. Every few years, a leap month called Mercedonius is added to the calendar to make up the difference.

Although it was possible to use Mercedonius to adjust the calendar, this practice was abused for political purposes to prolong his time in power. Julius Caesar then sought to right the mess by introducing the Julian calendar in 45 BC, adding 1 – 2 days to the end of short months (except February) for a total of 365 days in the year.

According to the Roman historian Suetonius writing in the book Life of Julius Caesar, he reformed the calendar, which was confusing due to the priests adding arbitrary days or months so that the harvest festival did not take place in the right summer or autumn. He adjusted the year according to the Earth’s rotation around the Sun to include 365 days, eliminating leap months and adding a day every 4 years.

But before implementing the new calendar, there is still a problem that needs to be overcome because the years do not correspond to the seasons. So Caesar decided to add a few months to 46 BC. Specifically, he added two months between November and December. According to this arrangement, that year had 15 months, including leap months. Ultimately, 46 BC became the longest year in history at 445 days, sometimes called annus confusionis or “year of confusion”.

By Editor

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