NASA studies two options to simplify the transfer of samples from Mars

Madrid. To maximize the chances of successfully bringing the first samples of Martian rocks and sediments to Earth, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) announced a new approach to its Mars Sample Return program.

The agency will simultaneously seek two landing architectures or strategic plans during formulation, which encourage competition and innovation, as well as cost and schedule savings, which initially set the achievement of this purpose for 2040.

NASA plans to later select a single path forward for the program, which aims to better understand the mysteries of the universe and help determine whether the Red Planet ever hosted life. NASA is expected to confirm the program and its design in the second half of 2026, according to a statement from the agency.

During formulation, NASA will explore and evaluate two different means of lowering the payload platform on Mars. The first option will take advantage of previously used entry, descent and landing system designs, specifically the sky crane method, demonstrated with the missions Curiosity y Perseverance.

The second option will leverage the use of new commercial capabilities to deliver the lander payload to the surface of Mars.

For both potential options, the mission’s landing pad will carry a smaller version of the Mars ascent vehicle. The platform’s solar panels will be replaced by a radioisotope power system that can provide power and heat during the dust storm season on Mars, allowing for less complexity.

The orbiting sample container will carry 30 tubes that the lander Perseverance has been collecting from the surface of Mars.

A redesign of the sample loading system on the lander, which will place them in the container in orbit, simplifies the implementation of planetary protection by eliminating the accumulation of dust on the exterior of the container. Both mission options are based on a capture, containment and return system aboard the Earth Return Orbiter of the European Space Agency to capture the sample container in orbit on Mars. ESA evaluates NASA’s plan.