Super project of $ 3.5 billion to deal with floods and drought

Polavaram irrigation projects include dams, canals and hydroelectric plants being built in Andhra Pradesh, expected to be completed in 2027.

 

Polavaram project construction works. Image: B1M/Megha Engineering and Infrastructures Ltd.

Andhra Pradesh is one of the largest states in India with more than 50 million people living, there are two large rivers and stretching nearly 1,000 km along the southeast coast of this country. As a leading rice and cigarette producer, Andhra Pradesh depends on the weather. However, this state faces both floods and droughts.

Nearly 800,000 hectares of soil belonging to Andhra Pradesh often flooded. This area is 5 times larger than London, and over the past two decades, the situation is even worse. In 2024, a large flood took dozens of people.

Meanwhile, Andhra Pradesh also faces serious droughts. 4 districts in the West spent many years of rain, leading to reduced crop production and lack of drinking water.

Polavaram irrigation project is proposed to solve this problem. The project was implemented on the Godavari River – India’s second longest river – supplying irrigation water for 290,000 hectares of soil, and preventing floods and producing a large amount of electricity to the area. With this project, when the river water rises too high, the water can be transferred to places that are missing.

Overflow

The Polavaram project consists of many parts, the parts are massive. The first is the overflow. 50 m high, this is a huge barrier with 48 hydraulic sluices that allow water to flow if necessary, for example, when floods are about to occur.

This structure was built to cope with the biggest floods that could take place in the area, the “thousand -year -old flood”. Its flushing ability is about 140,000 m3 per second, higher than any other overflow on the planet. With a width of more than 1,100 m, this is the largest overflow in the world, even crossing Tam Hiep overflow in China.

Another record was also broken during construction. In 2019, with 32,000 m3 of concrete poured in 24 hours, this is the structure of such a large amount of concrete in the shortest time.

In addition, the overflow of the Polavaram project is special because of building more fish ladders on one side. Fish ladders allow fish to continue swimming upstream to the place of breeding during the rainy season, when the water level rises.

Before the overflow, the project group had to dig a huge canal from the Godavari River. This creates a completely new water line, helping the project group to control the flow with mobile ports before allowing the water to flow into the river.

 

Fish ladder is over 250 m. Image: Megha Engineering and Infrastructures Ltd.

Main

The main dam is 45 m high, nearly 2.5 km long and across the Godavari River, almost parallel to the spillway. Made from compressed soil and rock mixture, the dam is built in two stages.

The dam will lie on a wall of the concrete fins built in the ground. Its task is to provide stability for the dam before water pressure, while ensuring no leakage. But a big problem occurred in 2019, when floods swept away a wall. The damage was so serious that the authorities decided to rebuild them instead of trying to repair. The construction process is taking place with the goal of completion in November 2025.

The construction of the dam should be carried out in a dry area, so there are two walls that prevent water from placing around the new dam position. They help prevent water from falling into the construction process, which occurs in 2019.

 

The main dam of 2.5 km long across the Godavari River, located almost parallel to the spillway. Image: B1M

Pair of water redirect channels

When completed, the dam will help create a new reservoir and lead water through the dam during the process of flowing down the Bay of Bengal. But that is not the only way that water can go.

A huge pair of channels will allow water to flow to the east, to the lakes 180 km away, and to the west to the Krishna River – the 7th long river of India. The end points of the new channel pair are near some of the most serious drought “hot spots” of Andhra Pradesh.

Hydroelectric Plant

960 MW hydroelectric plant is being built right next to the main dam to take advantage of the flow power. The construction process is in the early stages, but the holes for the water pipe – 150 m long with a diameter of 9 m – have been shaped. Basically, the pipe is a tunnel that brings water from the reservoir to the turbine, where the electricity is produced.

Construction process

The Polavaram project was proposed in the 1940s, when India was still his colony. But it was not until 1980 that the project was implemented, after that, the work did not actually start until 2004.

Issues related to the design, land acquisition, application for approval from government agencies, change contractors and other troubles, making the construction process take more time than expected. The cost of the project also increased significantly. When commenced more than 20 years ago, the estimated cost was US $ 1.5 billion, but the current estimated is about $ 3.5 billion.

At the end of 2024, Chandrababu Naidu – the Andhra Pradesh state player – announced that the project must be completed in 2027, with the first phase of the dam not later than October 2026.

A large and complex project like Polavaram is always difficult to implement. But when the building is completed, facing the first floods and droughts, its effectiveness will be verified.

By Editor

One thought on “Super project of $ 3.5 billion to deal with floods and drought”
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