Motion sickness|The location of the eruption is unknown, but it cooled Europe’s weather and reduced grain yields. When grain was imported from Asia, the plague bacterium also came to Europe.
The summary is made by artificial intelligence and checked by a human.
The eruption of the volcano in 1345 perhaps laid the foundation for the Black Death to spread rapidly in Europe.
The eruption triggered a cool and cloudy period. It reduced grain production and forced Italian traders to import grain from the Black Sea region.
Along with the grain, a bacterium that causes bubonic plague also came from Asia, which spread with the grain and rodents. Italian port cities and eventually the whole of Europe suffered first.
Historian Martin Bauch and geographer Ulf Büntgen also studied the climate change of their time from ice cores. With their help, the volcanic eruption has been located in the tropics.
Volcanic an outbreak in the middle of the 14th century may have laid the foundation for the Black Death to spread rapidly in Europe at one time.
The eruption triggered a cool and cloudy period in the Mediterranean. Crops therefore shrank everywhere. It led to a decline in agricultural production.
A grain shortage forced merchants to bring grain. Along with the grain, the bacterium that causes bubonic plague also came to the ports Yersinia pestis.
It was thought to have settled on ships in Black Sea ports.
Bubonic plague caused by the pandemic is better known in Finnish as the black death.
It reached Europe in 1347 and first quickly affected the port cities of what is now Italy.
Plague spread from ports through trade routes to all of Europe. An estimated 30 to 60 percent of Europe’s population died.
Black death has been studied a lot. Now a historian at the German Leibniz Institute Martin Belly has brought a little more information to it.
He tells website of Live Science according to what fascinated him in this great plague pandemic:
“How and why did the black death reach Italy from the Black Sea at those exact moments?”, he asked and also tried to answer it.
Bauch, a geographer from the University of Cambridge, clarified the matter Ulf Büntgen with.
A study on the underlying causes of the plague was published in the science journal at the beginning of December Communications Earth & Environment.
Bauch and Büntgen specifically looked for changes that could explain the sudden appearance of the black death.
Historical ones the accounts presented the phenomenon of decreased sunshine and increased cloudiness between 1345 and 1349 in parts of Europe and also Asia.
There were also stories about the dark lunar eclipse, independently of each other.
These weather and astronomical phenomena can be explained by a volcanic atmosphere.
Researchers know that such of aerosols layer can cause cold spells on the ground. That’s because the layer reflects sunlight back into space.
Other climate data also gave researchers clues about the climate of the time.
Polar ice materials were found in the ice cores that point to one or more volcanic eruptions around the year 1345.
Based on drilling samples obtained from the ice, scientists believe that the volcano erupted somewhere in the tropics.
Tropic materials were found in the same concentrations in both the North and South Pole ice cores.
Of trees lusties were also examined in the study in different parts of Europe.
The summers of 1345, 1346 and 1347 were much colder than usual and the autumns wetter than usual. It caused soil erosion and flooding.
This dropped the production of several crops such as grapes and grain.
In Italy, it caused merchants to source products from the Black Sea region. This is how famine was prevented.
In the second half of 1347, the merchant fleet brought to the ports not only grain, but also a bacterium that carried the plague.
At least the plague was spread by fleas. They got their food on the sea journey from grain dust.
“In a typical cycle of infection, rodents are infected first,” says Bauch of Britannia Yleisradio’s BBC on the pages.
“When the rodents die, the fleas move to other mammals, including humans.”
According to the researchers, it might be good to understand the causes of previous pandemics. Their number can grow in the global world.