Facial the features are strong but human. The picture shows a woman from about 75,000 years ago. He is not a modern man but a Neanderthal man whose face has been remade.
Shanidar Z -the named woman was given a face when researchers closely analyzed the remains of a skull found in the Kurdish region of Iraq in 2018.
The remains were found in the Shanidar cave, where several Neanderthal remains were found already in the 1950s and 1960s.
The woman in the picture appears in a story about Neanderthals Produced by the BBC in a documentary on Netflix. The program is based on research from Cambridge University and Liverpool John Moores University.
Neanderthal man and the skulls of modern humans look very different, says the paleoanthropologist Emma Pomeroy on the University of Cambridge page.
Neanderthals had thick bony ridges over their eyes. In Pomeroy’s opinion, the nose dominated the face perhaps more prominently than in modern humans. But Shanidar Z looks human.
Pomeroy reminds us that Neanderthals and modern humans mated. It says that we have an average of a couple of percent inherited by Neanderthal man, if our distant roots are outside of Africa. The reading varies in different regions of the world.
It has been concluded that Neanderthals disappeared around 40,000 years ago.
Facial making required precision. When the skull was found, it was only a couple of centimeters thick.
The skull flattened under the layers of earth over the millennia.
Shanidar Z’s skull was first perhaps fractured by a rock falling on it and then flattened under the soil deposits.
According to Pomeroy, the pieces of bones were as fragile as “a biscuit dipped in tea”. The bones had to be strengthened with binders. They were imaged using micro-computed tomography, which does not break the specimen.
Conservator Lucía López-Polín combined about 200 pieces of the skull into the correct shape as possible. It was like a three-dimensional puzzle.
Criminal investigation methods helped to find out what happens to bones and teeth when they are hit.
Based on the scan of the skull, a 3d print was created, on which the facial tissues were shaped. The authors were the Dutch brothers Adrie and Alfons Kenniswhich is known of the modeling of ancient people.
Shanidar Z died over 40 years old, the middle age of a modern person. That was a respectable age at the time.
No pelvic bones were found. The researchers estimated the gender from the proteins in the enamel of the teeth, in which there are differences between women and men. The teeth are very worn.
The woman was more than 150 centimeters tall. The arm bones are slender, and that too suggests that Shanidar Z was a woman.
Findings show the professor Graeme Barkerin suggests that Shanidar Neanderthals may have thought about death like we do. Barker is leading the excavations.
The researchers have concluded from Shanidar’s pollen remains that at least one male deceased was laid to rest with cornflowers and other flowers. The cave has been seen as a burial place, and some of the remains seem to have had stones laid over them.
However, the pollen may also be explained by the bees. It has also been thought that some of the dead may have just been buried under stones that fell from the roof.
However, it has been found references, that Neanderthals were more human than we might have thought, researchers say. Shanidar’s one deceased suffered, among other things, a hand injury during his lifetime, which probably required him to be taken care of.