The conflict between the US, Israel and Iran reveals gaps in the positions of African countries

Governments across Africa are reacting unevenly to the conflict between the United States, Israel and Iran, as considerations of economic ties, security alliances and geographic proximity to the trade routes of the Middle East influence the design of their foreign policy, according to a report on the Clash Report website.

Horn of Africa: condemnations of Iran while avoiding criticism of Israel and the USA

In the Horn of Africa, many governments have chosen to condemn Iran’s actions, while avoiding criticism of the United States or Israel. In Somaliland, a political entity that has declared independence and is seeking international recognition, they described the Iranian attacks on the Gulf states as “unjustified aggression”. This position reflects Somaliland’s close economic and security ties with the United Arab Emirates, particularly around investments in the Port of Barbara, which is considered a key component of the region’s economic strategy.

Neighboring Somalia also condemned the Iranian attacks and expressed solidarity with Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Kuwait, Jordan, Bahrain and Oman. However, the official announcement made no reference to the United Arab Emirates. Relations between Mogadishu and Abu Dhabi have deteriorated since Israel recognized Somaliland – a move that Somali officials believe the Emirates tacitly supported.

Economic considerations and the influence of the Gulf countries

South Africa and Senegal: A critical legal review

Many African countries rely on international law as a defense mechanism against interference by major powers, and analysts note that the erosion of these norms could weaken protections for smaller countries.

West Africa: Diplomatic Caution

In West Africa, several governments have chosen to take a more balanced approach. Nigeria’s Foreign Ministry called for “maximum restraint” and adherence to international law, but refrained from blaming Iran or the American-Israeli alliance. Abuja maintains security cooperation with Western partners alongside economic ties with the Gulf states.

Ghana also adopted similar language, emphasizing the need to reduce tensions and maintain the security of its citizens staying abroad. The Gambia joined the calls for restraint and protection of civilian infrastructure.

Fear of economic and security consequences

Along with the political aspect, there are growing concerns about broad economic consequences. Analysts warn that a further escalation could disrupt global oil markets and shipping lanes, primarily the Straits of Hormuz, which are essential for energy imports.

A report by SBM Intelligence stated that even if the American-Israeli alliance achieves tactical gains in the short term, Iran may continue with asymmetrical retaliatory actions over time. Oxford Economics also estimated that African economies may face an increase in oil prices and the weakening of local currencies.

According to him, the development of the conflict in the Middle East could affect security and economic systems far from the battlefield itself – including throughout the African continent.