5 early warning signs of colorectal cancer

Colorectal cancer is cancer that develops in the colon or rectum – the last part of the large intestine. The disease often starts from polyps (small, benign masses of cells) and can progress to cancer over time. Genetic, lifestyle and environmental factors are believed to be involved.

If detected early, the 5-year survival rate can be high, especially in the early stages. However, initial symptoms are often mild and easily confused with digestive disorders or intestinal infections, so early warning signs should be noted.

Change bowel habits

One of the early signs of cancer is a marked change in bowel habits. Patients may experience diarrhea or constipation more often, or alternate between the two conditions. Stools may be smaller and thinner than usual.

These changes are easily mistaken for diet, stress or intestinal infections. However, if it lasts or recurs, this can be a warning sign of a tumor affecting the functioning of the colon.

There is blood in the stool

Blood in the stool is a sign that should not be ignored regardless of the cause. Blood can appear as bright red or dark, tarry stools from old blood.

In some cases, the amount of blood is so small that it cannot be seen with the naked eye but can cause anemia over time. Although this condition may be related to hemorrhoids or infection, colon cancer should still be ruled out, especially if it occurs repeatedly or is accompanied by other symptoms.

Abdominal pain or discomfort

Persistent abdominal discomfort is also an early sign that is often overlooked. Patients may experience cramping, bloating, gas or a prolonged feeling of fullness. These symptoms are easily mistaken for common digestive disorders. However, if unrelated to diet or lifestyle changes and persistent, this could be a sign of a tumor causing irritation or blockage in the colon.

Unusual fatigue and weakness

Feeling tired and weak with no clear cause can also be a potential sign of colorectal cancer, especially when accompanied by other symptoms. The cause may be silent bleeding in the colon leading to iron deficiency anemia.

When the body lacks red blood cells, the ability to transport oxygen decreases, causing fatigue, shortness of breath and weakness. These symptoms are easily overlooked or mistaken for stress or lack of sleep.

Lose weight quickly

Unintentional weight loss is a common symptom of many types of cancer, including colon cancer. When the body has to fight cancer, the immune system becomes overactive, and the tumor can affect digestion and appetite. If you lose significant weight without changing your diet or exercise routine, you should see a doctor. This sign often appears later but can sometimes also be an early warning.

Early detection of colorectal cancer is difficult because symptoms are often nonspecific. Symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea or anemia can also appear in many other diseases such as ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, food poisoning or viral gastroenteritis.

However, when symptoms persist or are unusual, the patient should see a doctor to determine the cause, even if the suspicion is only benign diseases such as hemorrhoids.

According to recommendations, adults from 45 to 75 years old should be screened periodically and can be screened earlier if there are risk factors or suspicious signs.