This summary is generated by artificial intelligence and reviewed by the editorial team.
Land of brave men is the name given by some indigenous groups to the territory with the largest contiguous virgin forests in the Amazon. This is the Yavari-Tapiche Territorial Corridor, an Amazonian space that covers more than 16 million hectares —double the surface area of Panama—located on both sides of the border between Peru and Brazil.
This territory, which houses the largest concentration of indigenous peoples in isolation and initial contact (PIACI)is under pressure due to threats that put the population that lives there and the entire ecosystem at risk.
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“They say ‘we are going to have development,’ but it will be for big companies, for big agriculture, for cars and fuel: they will have it. We will have to deal with diseases, sexual exploitation, drug traffickers and crime: that is what will happen to us,” says Leo Chuma Teca Beso, head of the Matsés indigenous community in Loreto, Peru, for the study. Fading footprints: the race to protect indigenous peoples in isolation in the Amazonpublished on Wednesday, May 6, 2026.
This research has documented these threats through geospatial analysis and direct testimonies from the communities located along the territorial corridor. The analysis allows us to know the presence of the oil and gas lots, illegal logging, illegal mining, the expansion of road infrastructure that overlap with this Amazonian territory. It also exposes the pressures that threaten indigenous peoples living in the corridor. Another relevant piece of information from the study has to do with the large volumes of carbon that its forests store.
The study has been a joint work of the Regional Organization of Indigenous Peoples of the East (ORPIO), the Coordinator of Indigenous Organizations of the Brazilian Amazon (COIAB), the Inter-Ethnic Association for the Development of the Peruvian Jungle (Aidesep) and Earth Insight, an organization that promotes initiatives to restrict threats to key ecosystems and indigenous communities.
Read more | Peru will divide an indigenous community and two protected areas to build a highway to Colombia
“We wanted to highlight the importance of protecting the corridor, therefore, we sought to show the threats, both legal and illegal,” says Edith Espejo, program director of Earth Insight, in conversation with Your friend.
Espejo also explained that in 2023 a report was made on the oil and gas blocks that overlap the indigenous reserves and protected areas that are part of the territorial corridor. Following that report, the indigenous organizations Aidesep and ORPIO from Peru and COIAB from Brazil coordinated with Earth Insight to make a mapping that includes all threats in the Yavari-Tapiche territorial corridor. “Much of the work we do often comes from requests from indigenous groups who want to map specific extractive threats in their territories.”
The territorial corridor covers the border states of Amazonas and Acre, in Brazil, and the departments of Loreto and Ucayali, in Peru.. 90% of the forests that are part of the corridor in Brazilian territory are under some type of protection, while the Peruvian side is made up of national parks and protected areas that overlap with indigenous reserves.
In this corridor there are four official reserves of indigenous peoples in isolation and initial contact (PIACI) and two proposed reserves. It is also inhabited by at least 10 officially recognized peoples: matsés, matis, korubo, kulina-pano, flecheiro, remo, marubo, iskonahua, mayuna and kapanawa.
When mapping it was found that oil and gas blocks overlap 1.7 million hectares of forest of the territory, that is, it covers 10% of this territory. Of this figure, 537,000 hectares are located within territories designated for indigenous peoples in isolation while 669,000 hectares are in key areas for biodiversity, almost a third of the corridor.
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In the case of mining, the analysis has allowed us to see that There are 13 mining concessions that overlap the corridor. The report also states that there is little documentation on these mining concessions. However, it details that satellite images reveal deforestation related to those that appear to be operational.
It is also specified that within the corridor A concession has been identified for cassiterite, a critical tin oxide mineral, linked to the development of illegal mining and criminal networks in Brazil. The report notes that “cassiterite mining in Yanomami territory financed rampant illegal gold mining that caused a public health crisis from mercury poisoning.”
Regarding illegal logging, on the peruvian side logging concessions overlap 500,000 hectares of the corridorwhile on the Brazilian side no concessions of wood are observed. However, the study indicates that wood felled in Brazilian forests is sold as wood from Peruvian concessions, using the legal documents of these concessions, in order to launder illegal wood extracted from other protected areas in both countries.
Regarding illegal activities, the map records them at the limits of the corridor, identifying illegal hunting, logging and fishing on the border between both countries; as well as illegal hunting and logging in areas specifically in Brazil.
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Road infrastructure is also part of these threat maps. The study indicates that For every kilometer of legal road that is built in the Amazon, there are approximately 3 kilometers of illegal roads. that come off them, increasing the risk of deforestation and creating what is known as the backbone effect. “Loggers, gold seekers, illegal settlements and criminal networks are expanding from official routes, exposing virgin forests to deforestation and a greater risk of fires,” the document states.
The report presents two highway projects overlapping the corridor. The first is the one that connects Cruzeiro do Sul, in Brazil, with Pucallpa, in Peru, a road that has been widely questioned because it threatens isolated communities of people in the Isconahua indigenous reserve and affects a transboundary conservation corridor on both sides of the Sierra del Divisor mountain range. The second road is the one that would connect Jenaro Herrera, in Loreto, Peru, with Colonia Angamos, near Brazil, in the Yavarí River basin, a border region with presence of criminal gangs, illegal mining and smuggling.
Beatriz Huertas, policy advisor on isolated peoples at Rainforest Foundation Norway, recalls that in 2021 a study was carried out to lay the foundations for the Yavarí-Tapiche Territorial Corridor and that, with this study, what is being done is updating information on the situation of indigenous reserves, in terms of anthropological and environmental issues, but also about threats and pressures on both sides of the border.
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