Research reveals: is the air conditioner really harmful to health?

In almost every home, office and car the air conditioner works for long hours during the summer months. For many, it is no longer a luxury but a real necessity. Along with the feeling of comfort, it is important to remember that the way we use the air conditioner also affects our health, and as the scientific literature attests, not always for the better.

A broad research review published in 2024 in the journal Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunologyone of the most important in the world in the field of allergy and respiratory diseases, found that in most cases the problem is not the air conditioner itself, but the air quality in closed spaces, poor maintenance of air conditioning systems and the lack of adequate ventilation. The researchers note that regularly cleaning filters, ventilating the space and maintaining air quality can reduce respiratory symptoms, especially among people suffering from allergies and asthma.

One of the common myths is that air conditioning causes colds. In practice, colds are caused by viruses and not by the cold air. However, prolonged stay in a cold and dry space can dry out the mucous membranes of the nose and throat, which are the body’s first line of defense against pollutants. When mucous membranes become dry, they may be less effective at eliminating viruses and bacteria.

Air-conditioned air reduces the humidity in the environment. For many, this manifests itself in dry eyes, a burning sensation, dry throat, chapped lips, and sometimes also aggravation of dry skin. Those who wear contact lenses or suffer from dry eyes may feel it more significantly.

When the air conditioner filters are not cleaned over time, they may accumulate dust, pollen, mold and other pollutants. In people suffering from allergies, asthma or respiratory diseases, this may worsen symptoms such as cough, runny nose, eye irritation and shortness of breath. However, air conditioners – especially those equipped with a filter HEPA (hypoallergenic) or a highly efficient filter, and properly reinforced – reduce certain allergenic substances (such as dust mites) in the air.

In the Israeli summer, the temptation to set the air conditioner to 18 degrees is familiar to all of us, but the sharp transition between the intense heat outside and significant cold inside the building can cause discomfort and muscle pain and is particularly burdensome for the elderly and people with chronic diseases. In most cases, a temperature of 24 to 26 degrees provides effective and pleasant cooling, without creating an unnecessary burden on the body.

When the space is closed for long hours, the air quality may suffer. Opening windows for a few minutes every now and then, when possible, helps bring in fresh air and reduce the concentration of pollutants in the space.

Cleaning the air conditioner filters once every few weeks during the period of use, performing periodic maintenance, avoiding directing the air stream directly to the face or body, drinking enough water and ventilating the house are simple steps that can improve the air quality and reduce unpleasant effects.

The air conditioner is not the enemy of health. On the contrary, on hot summer days it helps to reduce the risk of heat stress and heatstroke, especially among babies, children, the elderly and people with chronic diseases. Correct use, regular maintenance and attention to the air quality in the space will allow you to enjoy all its benefits, without paying a health price.

Dr. Lee Erez is a family medicine specialist, Maccabi Health Services North District